The Drivers of Smoking in Ukraine: the Impact of Social Interactions, Alcohol Expenditures, and Covid-19

In 2020, approximately 25.8% of Ukraine’s population used tobacco. Controlling the spread of tobacco use and comprehending the underlying reasons for smoking are vital public health priorities with significant economic consequences. The presence of smokers in the environment is found to be a significant factor in the spread of smoking, with individuals more likely to smoke if they are surrounded by smokers. Additionally, the relationship between alcohol consumption and smoking indicates that drinkers and smokers often engage in both behaviors, and heavier drinkers tend to be heavier smokers. Furthermore, the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on smoking behavior is discussed, with studies showing that smokers, including former smokers, are at a higher risk of adverse outcomes related to the virus. This study examines the factors influencing smoking behavior in Ukraine, with a particular focus on the association between smoking and socioeconomic variables, the COVID-19 outbreak, social interactions, and alcohol expenditures. Findings suggest that individuals with smoking spouses are more likely to smoke, and a social multiplier effect is observed. Alcohol and tobacco use are closely linked, with drinkers and smokers often engaging in both behaviors. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was not significant in reducing the number of smokers in Ukraine.